Battle on the Nine

Wednesday, December 16, 2015 Unknown 0 Comments

Several weeks back I was able to join my good friends at SD Expeditions on a trip out to the Nine Mile Bank off the coast of San Diego, CA. The Nine as most call it is a high spot situated nine miles off the coast.

We were out to find and photograph some blue, mako or hammerhead sharks. The blues and makos are the usual suspects but with elevated sea surface temperatures this year due to the current El Nino event hammerheads have been around.

Although the warm water has been good in the sense that new exotics such as hammerheads, blue marlin, wahoo, mantas and whale sharks have been around it has also forced much of the normal life north to cooler waters. As we motored around the water was pretty void of life. No whales, bait fish, marine mammals or an abundance of sunfish (Mola mola) that can often be found on the Nine.

But as we searched around we found a large amount of birds dropping down to feed. It was then we saw a sea lion thrashing around and as we got closer we saw the fins of a mola mola.

Mola's are the world's largest bony fish and can reach 15 feet across weighting nearly 5000 pounds. Mola's don't have a great deal of predators due to their incredibly rough/tough skin and their massive size as adults. As juveniles mola are prey for  bluefin tuna and mahi mahi (dorado) but as adults mola are predated on by orcas, sharks and sea lions. In Monterey, California sea lions are regularly seen hunting mola for sport where they will rip the fins off molas but won't consume the meat.



A Mola mola, the world's larges bony fish


The number one threat to molas off the coast of California is their interaction with the drift gillnet fishery where they become entangled in the nets.


A gillnet scar on the face of a mola



As we slipped into the water we were sure to stay back and observe from a distance but as we watched this epic event unfold the sea lion became more and more comfortable with us and seemed to actually bring the mola closer to us.

The sea lion begins to break the mola's skin


Sea lions are notoriously smart. And, when you consider the anatomy of a mola (photo below) you realize that the sea lion was very strategic about where and how he entered the mola. With such tough skin and bony underparts the entry point makes sense. 


Mola mola anatomy. Credit: Gregory, W. K. & Raven, H. C. (1934)


This past year has been extremely hard on California sea lions with limited prey causing thousands of them to die or become stranded. New research suggests many of the newer standings could be due to sea lions eating crabs that have consumed a toxic algal bloom. But anyways, with limited food availability sea lions have had to take advantage of all the prey they can find, including molas. 





By the time we left the mola was chest deep in the mola pulling out the remainder of the guts and stomach. I have been asked several times now how I could watch or photograph this event. And while I do love molas the event would have taken place whether I had been there or not and my job is simply to document what goes on in the ocean. 

For more of my work you can check out www.ralphpace.com
















Coco The Caretta: the first loggerhead sea turtle telemetry off the west coast of the United States.

Monday, May 18, 2015 Unknown 1 Comments

This year California has seen an increase in sea surface temperatures (SST) as part of the recent El Nino event occurring that is predicted to last into 2017. El Nino events are part of oceanographic variations called El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that take place in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. An El Nino is defined as an episode when the 3-month average sea-surface temperature departure exceeds 0.5°C in the east-central equatorial Pacific [between 5°N-5°S and 170°W-120°W].

These warmer waters have brought a variety of uncommon species to the Souther California Bight.
 During a swordfish research cruise with Pfleger Institute of Environment Research we stubbled upon a huge floatopia of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Using this information and others provided from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) cruise scientists were able to predict where they would be able to find these juveniles and attach satellite tags.

These images are from that cruise where scientists from the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) were able to attach the first satellite tag to a loggerhead off the West Coast of the USA was attached. This information is not only extremely important to help understand the “lost years,” the early years of a sea turtle’s life when their migration patterns were mostly unknown, of these turtles but also to help inform fisheries management officials. To help protect sea turtles, NOAA created the Loggerhead Conservation Area off the coast of Southern California that shuts down the gillnet fishery when an El Nino event occurs. This information will show if turtles are using the same area as swordfish (targeted with gillnets) and if a closure is always needed.

The first turtle to be released was named “Coco” by scientists and can her movements can be tracked here.

All images were taken under NMFS permit # 14510

     
Using a small patch of neoprene allows scientists to attach the transmitter in a way that expand     with the shell growth. This will allow the tag to transmit for roughly 6 months before falling off. Attaching a transmitter without neoprene would fall off much sooner.


The sat tag is set into place.


NOAA scientists Jeff Seminoff and Tomo Eguchi, who tagged the turtle, watch as Coco swims away.


The next six months of satellite data will allow scientists to better understand how loggerheads are using the SoCal Bight.